Iowa foresters anticipate moderate to severe winter burn damage on conifer trees across the state come spring, according to the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Forest Health Forester Tivon Freeley says, “The ground remains frozen, but the ambient temperatures have been above freezing. The tree is forced to use its water reserves in the needles but can’t absorb new water from the frozen soil. The lack of water causes the trees to dry out.” Winter burn symptoms include browning or bleaching of needles, needle loss, and tree death. Affected trees may recover if buds remain alive, but if both buds and needles die, the tree will not survive and must be removed. While winter burn cannot be prevented, there are some methods to mitigate risks. The DNR recommends proper mulching and ensuring trees are well-hydrated before dormancy, particularly during drought years. The department also cautions against planting vulnerable conifers in new windbreaks, suggesting deciduous trees as a more resilient alternative.
